Those who are diabetic may develop diabetes-related neuropathy, a condition in which the nerves (most commonly in the feet) become damaged. This can lead to either extreme sensitivity or numbness in the feet.

For those experiencing increased foot sensitivity, even "soft" materials can become painful when in contact with the skin, especially if the foot moves against the material. This in turn causes extreme discomfort throughout the day.

Those with numbness or lack of sensitivity in the foot can develop sores, blisters, or other injuries unknowingly, which could lead to additional medical complications.

Diabetic insoles are typically made from extremely soft materials that minimize abrasion. The most common material used in diabetic insoles is called "plastazote."

For those with sensitive feet, the extremely soft materials used in diabetic insoles will help to minimize discomfort experienced when wearing shoes. Plastazote and other similar materials are often nearly completely smooth, meaning that there will be no rough bumps in the surface of the fabric to cause discomfort.

For those with numbness, the smooth and anti-abrasion surface of diabetic insoles will help to minimize any rubbing against the foot that could lead to sores and blisters.

Diabetic socks generally have three main functions:

1. Increase circulation throughout the foot and lower leg.
2. Have a seamless construction that reduces abrasion against the foot.
3. Add comfort and cushioning to the foot.

Because diabetes can cause poor blood circulation in the extremities, diabetic socks generally are designed with compression to help aid with circulation throughout the foot. Seamless designs ensure that toe stitching won't cause abrasion that might lead to blisters, and cushioning will help add overall comfort for the feet.