Heel spurs are bony protrusions that form over time on the underside of the heel as the result of excess calcium deposits within the heel.

Heel spurs most commonly form when the heel is subject to excess strain, such as:

• Running and jumping, especially on hard surfaces.
• Gait abnormalities, especially striking the ground hard with the heel when walking.
• Standing for long periods of time with pressure on the heels without good cushioning or pressure relief.

An x-ray is the only way to know if a heel spur exists, but treatment for heel spurs is often non-surgical and the same as treatment for general heel pain.

Heel pain can be caused by any number of factors, such as:

• Bruising of the heel due to a heel impact injury (such as striking the heel against a hard surface).
• Heel spurs.
• Fat pad atrophy, which is the deterioration of the natural padding under the heel bone of the foot.
• Abrasions from the heel rubbing against a rough surface repeatedly over time.

Insoles for heel pain perform two primary functions:

1. They add cushioning and padding under the heel, helping to better absorb pressure and impact shock at the heel.
2. The "cradle" the heel of the foot to eliminate excess movement of the heel during movement.

• Wear socks with plenty of cushioning to help mitigate discomfort.
• Stretch the foot regularly, especially where the plantar fascia tendon connects to the heel of the foot.
• Heat and ice can help alleviate discomfort and assist with healing of foot injuries.
• Where appropriate, anti-inflammatory pain relievers can help ease discomfort.